I can hear the groan you just 让 out…我们都呆在家里，最好的培训文章想法是写‘sit’ and ‘down’? Well, at the moment, 是, it is, and I’ll tell you why. I’我已经对狗进行了40多年的训练，不幸的是，大多数情况下使用的是守旧派的服从方法，如今这种方法仍然很普遍。几年前，我开始过渡到LIMA（最低侵入性）–但老实说，直到一年多以前，它还不是很刻意。当詹娜和我打算从Powder X Joeri垃圾中保留一只小狗，然后带那只小狗到Brad Higgins进行实地训练时，动力就来了。布拉德（Brad）是一位高度敬业且虔诚的LIMA培训师，他已经开发出了自己的高效的现场培训系统 …在我的研究和准备带Ila与Brad一起训练的过程中，我观看了数百小时的视频，阅读了多本书，签署了在线狗训练课程，现在正着手向CPDT-KA或获得认可机构的同等工作。

Great, so what does that have to do with teaching a dog to 坐 or 留? Well, for most of us who keep dogs in our homes and take them to pubs or other public gathering 地点s (well, hopefully soon we will all be doing this again), when we ask our dog to 坐 or lay 下, our expectation in most cases is for the dog to 留 where and as they are put. Yet we still teach ‘stay’作为独立的‘command’。我最近学到了这个小技巧，我认为它将永远改变我教坐，坐下和停留的方式。一世’ve已经开始对我已经训练有素的犬进行处理，并且过渡是无缝且容易的。

​两者的过程相同‘command’ sequences - the 上 ly difference is in 上 e scenario your dog is 坐ting and in the other he is laying 下. So, without further ado, 让’s get to it.

假设您一直在使用我的其他培训文章，那么您的狗很有可能会礼貌‘sit’作为从你那里得到他想要的东西的回应– and if not, you’还有更多工作要做。无论哪种方式，您都需要解雇您的狗’最喜欢的训练方法，使您的狗处于轻便的状态。 TGK精密导线，15’ section of biothane cord with a high-quality brass snap 上 上 e end and a straight-raw end for the other is a perfect example. Use your bait to lure pup into a 坐ting position. Be aware of how you hold your ‘bait hand’ which is also your hand-signal hand (this will be important later 当你 back off the use of the treat). Once pup 坐s, immediately mark the behavior with a happy ‘yes’和治疗。接下来，您将使用发布提示，考虑“all 不要e”（我有一个非常不好的习惯‘okay’这是经常交谈的一种方式，使其成为发布提示的不错选择–我的制片人在一天的拍摄中差点让我窒息…）。幼犬完成报酬后，说‘all 不要e’ and lead the dog a few steps away. Ask/lure him into a 坐, ‘yes’他，请他，给‘all 不要e’ and move again. That is the basic drill to get started with. In this early work, more or less, anticipate your dog to break the 坐 and if he does, simply lift the line straight up and give a tiny bit of upward pressure and a gentle ‘jiggle’ to encourage pup to 上 ce again 坐. Once he does give him the happy ‘yes’ as before. As his 坐 response improves taper off the use of the bait. Additionally, you will transition to having your treat in a pocket to be awarded 上 ly for the crispest most perfect 坐s – be sure to use the same hand configuration whether you are using a treat or not. This will teach him the verbal cue and the hand signal. Do not move to the next phase until your dog is reliably 坐ting 上 cue with little to no treats involved.

在第二阶段，我们开始为幼犬引入等待期。步骤如下：

1) Ask pup to 坐, you pick up a foot as if to 退后, but 不要’t。如果幼犬仍然坐着，请以愉快的态度标记行为‘yes’，治疗，给予释放提示‘all 不要e’并搬到新的地方。洗涤，漂洗，重复直到对幼仔有信心’s reliability to 留 seated. If pup chooses to break his 坐, use the same corrective measure described above. It’在您开始行动的这些早期阶段，这是一种非常低的威胁并且没有戏剧性的方法可以帮助您阐明观点，在提供发布提示之前，请密切观察幼犬，以防其破裂。如果您遇到麻烦，只需缩短会话时间，检查沮丧感，然后返回到成功完成幼犬的步骤。

2) Once you have that, now work towards taking a 退后wards with 上 e foot. Just as before, give the cue to 坐, he 坐s, you 退后, then return. If he 留ed seated, mark the behavior with a ‘happy 是’，然后释放‘all 不要e’和小狗一起走开。 Again, work this step until you have a reliable behavior 从 pup.

3) This next step is the same as before, but you will now introduce dropping the rope into the mix. Like as before, give the cue to 坐, he 坐s, you then drop the lead followed by taking a 退后, then return. If he 留ed seated, mark the behavior with a happy ‘yes’，然后释放‘all 不要e’和小狗一起走开。

4) This next step very similar as before, but you will now introduce a full step using both feet. As before, give the cue to 坐, he 坐s, you then drop the lead followed by taking a 退后 with 上 e foot, then the other, smartly return to pup. If he 留ed seated, mark the behavior with a happy ‘yes’，然后释放‘all 不要e’和小狗一起走开。

5）与步骤4完全相同，但请向后退三步。

6）就像第5步一样，但现在又退了六步。
​
7) You know the drill quite well now, as does pup. We continue to proof the sequence by now taking ten steps back. This may all sound tedious, but each increment adds a small layer of complexity to the task. Once pup really has it 下, you can add distractions to the environment, but 当你 do, be sure 去工作closer to pup and work outward like you already have 不要e. If pup struggles with a new distance, just go back to a distance where he was successful and get him a taste of success again. The process is the same for 下 and you will have taught your dog to 留 while doing this. No unnecessary ‘commands’ to give 当你 build the skills you desire in a commonly used sequence.

什么是幼犬文化？
幼犬文化是由专业的训犬师和饲养员Jane Killion开发的程序。这是一个全面的，有组织的计划，供繁殖者在幼犬出生后的头几周内关注。 

幼犬生命的前12周非常重要。这是一个几乎神奇的时刻，繁殖者有权通过我们选择教给他的东西来改变小狗的生命结局。通过在正确的时间做正确的事情，我们可以为您的小狗提供最好的开始。

产前期
确保您的小狗的遗传物质出色，只是开始。母亲的身心健康将影响幼犬的健康。由于研究表明，接受产前按摩的母亲所生的幼犬更温顺，喜欢抚摸，因此，我们对母亲的爱抚和腹部按摩给宠坏了。幼犬甚至在出生之前就开始形成深厚而有意义的关系。

新生儿期：0-14天
早期神经刺激（ENS）从第3天开始，一直持续到第16天。研究表明，以适当的小剂量进行细微的挣扎和压力实际上对幼犬有益，并将帮助它们成长为健壮，健康，适应良好的成年人。好处包括更大的压力承受能力，更大的抗病能力，更快的肾上腺系统，更强的心律和更强的心跳。这是种礼物，饲养员只能在3-16天之内给它们的幼犬一次。

过渡期：14-21天
行为标记用于识别每个发育阶段的开始和结束，因为每只小狗都不一样，而且这些时间表只是指导原则。过渡期从小狗的眼睛睁开开始，到小狗第一次听到声音震惊时结束。 

关键社交时间：3-12周
大多数人认为社交化是使幼犬在幼犬时期接触到尽可能多的新经历。尽管这是该过程的一部分，但还不够。我们的目标是养育具有与您建立联系的情商的狗。可以向幼犬传授情商，而幼犬文化计划的目标之一就是教育种者如何做到这一点。有7个关键因素可以培养小狗的情绪智力。

1：沟通 –赋予小狗自己的声音：沟通三位一体–增强答题器，盒装游戏，补给，注意力/注意力分散协议
2：情绪稳定 – the ability to recover easily 从 恐惧 as well as stress (startle recovery, barrier challenges, Volhard Puppy Aptitude Test at day 49
3: 习性 –熟悉最多的事物：小狗派对，声音协议，习惯性配乐和噪音，遇见不同的人，狗和其他动物
4：丰富 – the view that novelty and challenges are opportunities for enrichment rather than things to be 恐惧ed or avoided: novelty items, Adventure Box, off premises socialization
5：健康 –身体健康和运动技能，使幼犬以神经和身体上的健全方式发育：每天进行体重检查，梳理，接种疫苗，驱虫，适当营养，兽医健康检查
6：技能 – learned behaviors which allow him to function in human society: recall, manding, simple 命令s, litterbox 训练, crate 训练, leash walking, resource guarding, bite inhibition
7：爱 –寻求与狗和人在一起作为积极情绪体验的愿望：塑造情绪反应，快乐和平静的CER（有条件的情绪反应），与人和妈妈的日常拥抱

这绝对是一件令人难以置信的工作，但绝对值得！当您领养小狗时，您将和我们一样为此计划感到感谢！

​可靠的召回是生死攸关‘command’ for any dog that will be allowed to run off leash. In fact, if you were to wash away all of the extraneous things we will teach a dog there are literally 上 ly three things a dog must know: to go away 从 the handler, to 留 put, and to return to the handler. House 训练 is right up there, as is having a dog who knows how to turn it off, aka Impulse Control. But 让's get back to topic.

为什么我还没有写过《 Reliable Recall》技能？毕竟，我认为非常重要的是，一旦我们开始从幼犬那里断奶，我们就开始对它们进行召回！好吧，说实话，我只是避风港’直到最近才想到它。最近几个月我’我有两个互联网朋友因为被车撞而丢了狗，因为他们的狗不会’来的时候来。有一次，在试图让他的狗回来的混乱中，这位绅士在冰上滑倒并击中了他的头，以至于他在急诊室醒来，那时他才知道他的狗。’s fate. Again, just 是terday in Belgium a young female Drent was lost due to the lack of an effective recall, their other dog is still at large. For the record, I also lost a dog in 2014 a few months after rescuing her to similar circumstances. I, for 上 e, hope you never have to use your GPS collar to locate a mangled or dead dog就像我必须要做的那样 欣赏坚如磐石的回忆是多么重要。
​
As mentioned, 这里 at 两枪, we start teaching the recall when we are weaning pups 从 mom at feeding time. We use their insatiable appetite to our advantage, and even use some good old-fashioned Pavlovian conditioning with a whistle while they are eating. But 让’假设您的饲养员没有’不能这样做，或者您有一只大狗需要‘get right’。对于那只大狗’d建议将‘command’您使用过，毕竟Fido只知道吹掉那个提示。我更喜欢使用的语言提示是‘here’, but you could use ‘hot dog’; it really doesn’只要您与选择的提示保持一致就可以。

​心态& Learning

在我们sleeve起袖子去学习教导可靠的回忆的方法之前，我需要先花点时间讨论狗的心态。这在所有训练中都很重要，但是使用召回的心态确实可以对您不利，因为这只狗已经或将很快失去牵引力，而您对他的身体控制能力为零。这些普遍的心态或多或少类似于带有变阻器的加热器，该变阻器从光谱的一端逐渐移动到另一端而没有明确定义的定位点。‘冷静’狗可以真正吸收传达良好信息的地方。冷静的狗是可以真正学习的狗。接下来是‘警报’，也可以是一种有用的训练状态，但是最好让狗保持冷静，以免它们对周围的环境没有反应。‘报警’当狗变得反应性很强时，这几乎可以应用于任何事物，例如踢松的松果犬，松鼠等。机敏的狗没有注意您，而是注意了它所关注的所有内容。这不是有效的训练状态，因此为什么冲动控制如此重要。最后的状态是‘恐惧’，这种状态对您作为培训者/处理者也毫无用处。处于恐惧中的狗会退缩，无法与您的眼神接触，等等。守旧派的服从方法可以使您到达那里（例如，大量使用cho子领子和笨拙的操作技巧），更糟糕的是，守旧派训练方法（例如高刺激电子颈圈使用，脚趾钩和耳夹）几乎可以保证将狗放入‘fear’ state. There is no 地点 for this, and any methodology advocating for its use should be abandoned immediately. So now we have a deeper appreciation as to why the calm dog is pretty much in all ways a better dog.

​召回游戏

有了一只幼崽，您所需要的就是朋友或家人，甚至是走廊。坐下’的长度各有一个小袋‘high value’请客附近。一个人从小狗开始，另一个人从零开始。如果您一直在进行冲动控制，那么您一直在玩名字游戏。小狗知道他的名字被说出来，期待你是一件好事。因此，没有小狗的人说出自己的名字，提示‘yes’ 上 ce the pup’引起注意，然后请客，而不是将其交给小狗，而是用它吸引小狗到他们的大腿上。一旦小狗开始跟随使用提示‘here’。仅使用一次提示。如果小狗不是’想要跟随诱饵，您需要做两件事：一：更好/更令人兴奋的诱饵，二：将幼犬拴在皮带上，这样您就可以轻轻地鼓励他来找你，永远不要像鱼一样将他卷入。但是不要’t go giving a ‘command’ and heaving 上 the line, you must 让 the dog decide (read more 上 this in the next step), besides this is 上 ly a game. Now, wash, rinse, repeat five to ten times every day, twice a day for at least a month. Pup will love this game and is very likely to just start running between you and your helper. When this occurs it’s time to 上 ly treat the pup 上 ce he has offered a more acceptable behavior such as 坐ting or standing still – your choice. No ‘command’或此时需要为此提示。

​我们希望这对幼崽很有趣，并且添加太多结构是消除这种乐趣的肯定方法！现在我们已经很好地工作了，首先在每个会话中增加一点距离。如果性能有任何下降，请返回到上一次成功执行pup的时间，然后从那里重新开始。一旦无法有效使用诱饵，或者走廊过长了’是时候搬到后院了–可能是小狗很少听的地方。我们现在的挑战是打破该位置的一些旧关联，并通过‘here’我们已经在走廊上做了。您应该缩小差距，让他领先您的领先优势，至少12’。这可能意味着将两个或更多个较短的引线连接在一起。请不要使用可伸缩的导线。一旦他掌握了这个功能，您就可以真正玩这个游戏，并尝试在新颖的地方玩它。一旦幼崽的体重下降真的很好，你就可以逐渐增加注意力。只是要注意不要太快并保持乐趣。如果您感到沮丧，那就停下来。

​希金斯召回事件

等等，什么！对，就那个’s right, you aren’t 不要e, you still have work to do, and the next step is the 希金斯召回. If you have an older dog that has a sloppy recall and is familiar with being 上 a lead, you could start 这里 and use the Recall Game 从 time to time to help up the fun of being called in, but the game is a wonderful thing for young pups. Either way, this highly effective method is simple to learn and use. If your pup already has a grip 上 ‘here’ this is going to be a good tool to use for 当你 不要’没有帮手或需要 to work ‘here’ in some new or novel 坐uation so there is definitely merit in learning and using the 希金斯召回。首先，您需要使小狗熟悉 希金斯领袖步行。希金斯的召回依赖于将小狗放在大约十二英尺长的轻巧的检查绳上，并要有一定的耐心。一世’ll quickly explain the video. Pick a quiet distraction free 地点 to walk pup using your check cord. 所有ow the dog to walk freely and 上 ce they are out a little way simply give the cue ‘here’只看幼犬做什么如果您一直在玩召回游戏的赔率是，他’马上进来。当他确实给他一个‘yes’并且一旦他确定要给予表扬和一点点奖励。但是如果他没有’t, that’s 好的 as we want the pup to make the decision to come in 上 his own – 这是关键的一步。所以，小狗没有’进来。根据你的狗，不要’不要害怕慢慢地花点时间‘nagging’当小狗向您求助时，排队并冷静地重复提示。另外，不要’不要害怕改变提示和提示之间的时间‘nag’如果需要，狗会进来，我们要小心避免建立关联，以“ nag”作为进来的命令。我唯一要添加的部分是‘yes’ 上 ce pup is really moving in since we have built a strong praise association with that cue. This is 上 e of the few times it is 好的 to repeat the ‘here’提示，但很快就多余了‘here’ will be dropped –您甚至可能不需要它。一旦小狗可靠地进入’是时候将这种行为带到一个新的位置，然后转移到另一个位置，然后开始分散注意力。这就是为什么希金斯召回如此重要的原因。它为您提供了与之建立安全关联的能力‘here’无需帮助，更重要的是在多个新地点提供帮助。无论如何，都应保持简短的练习-尤其是对于年轻和/或更柔软的脾气暴躁的狗，您可能只想花5分钟，如果可以保持锻炼的积极性和活力，则可以花10分钟。无论您何时不着急，日子不好，都必须总是对召回进行教导。进来就像是为狗赢得彩票一样。如果你可以的话’t be in that 地点, you will be better served to skip or cut the exercise short. Okay, so now pup is recalling like a champ, 这里, there, and everywhere, and you feel it’s time to ‘go off leash’. Think again. 

​现在您可以继续进行可选的召回级别了’这是我们将使用电子项圈的一件事，但仅限于非常低的级别。简而言之，在使用它之前，您的狗需要习惯于佩戴电子项圈。在计划使用它之前，您需要先将它放一些，然后在使用后一小时左右将其取下。有时会有所变化，我们不想在这里创建一个关联，在该关联中，狗只会在放置有电子项圈的情况下才想起。在项圈承认狗按下瞬时按钮的项圈上找到最低设置，该位置可能远低于您能感觉到的位置。现在回到以前狗成功的安静地方，小心地放下检查线，让狗拖拉它。提示‘here’ and if he doesn’t come in, instead 轻轻按一下按钮，只需按一下按钮，然后在必要时重复提示。您的狗可能意识到他是自由的。此时，您的工作是跪下，微笑并等待。如果他进来，给一个‘yes’和赞美他一旦进入。如果小狗站在那儿，提供‘here’再次提示，如果什么也没发生，请稍后再点击该按钮。不管你做什么，不要’惊慌，急于奔向狗或检查绳 –保持冷静，然后微笑。要非常注意自己的语气，并加以吸引。耐心一点。他会进来，当他称赞他的时候。另外，在使用电子项圈时，请确保您对狗有视线，但不要’如果他已经开始或不想发生什么异常，请不要点击该按钮，您可以建立一个您确实不知道的关联’不想。像以前一样，您将需要随着时间的流逝使用新的地方和分散注意力来进行调整。小狗掉下来后，请重新开始检查并放下检查线。然后，一旦小狗被铁包裹，您可能会考虑不使用电子项圈。准备好“step back”一步或更多，因为挫折可能而且确实发生。进步可以很快实现，或者一旦您了解到分散注意力的小狗确实遇到了麻烦，它可能会遇到障碍。花点时间，保持耐心，保持积极，乐观。很快，您将有一只狗，每次都会直奔。

​快速清单

• 不要急于执行步骤！耐心一点。
• 期望失败，所以要尽可能地确保团队成功。
• 注意狗’和你自己的心态 matter.
• 不要给口头提示‘here’ 当你 are unlikely to achieve proper response.
• 您一直在建立联系，所以您正在建立想要的联系吗？
• 没有提示的机枪重复（来，来，来，来…)
• 您的工作就是为成功做好准备！
• 当它来的时候永远不要惩罚狗–曾经。我是认真的。决不。 

You answered 是, so 让’s get started.
像大多数事业一样，从切合实际的目标开始。您’ll need to break the process 下 into bite-sized pieces to keep 从 becoming discouraged or putting undue pressure 上 your pup. Secondly, you 不要’不需要任何特殊的工具或技能。如果你能说‘yes’脸上带着微笑，可以放一些‘high value’对待你已经准备好了。

自从我提到‘high value’ treats 让’迅速浏览一下侧边栏，以确保我们处在同一首乐曲中。您可以’坦率地说，是要让您的狗狗大吃一顿，还是坦率地说，大多数宠物店提供的高价物品都不是。’不够好（除非您当然需要低价值的待遇…）。我更喜欢用热狗。你可以用奶酪。我将它们纵向切割成两个切口（切成三段），然后旋转90度再切割两次（切成九段）。从那里将这些热狗条垂直切开，以制作出尽可能多的方形小块。基本上，任何接近铅笔橡皮擦大小的东西都太大。训练零食不需要太大就可以使用，它们需要小巧，美味，这只狗可以‘inhale’，并且对狗很有吸引力！

​First Step, The 名字游戏:
Alrighty, 让’s start small by having your pup nearby and your 高价值 treats in a small pouch by your side. You will begin the 名字游戏. Take your puppy and go to a quiet 地点 devoid of distraction, say pups name. When he looks at you, say ‘yes’马上请他– that’s it. It’s just that easy. If pup looks around a bit before he looks at you, that is 好的. Just be sure to expect this, and 上 ly say ‘yes’一旦他做了就治疗。如果需要重复他的名字，可以，但是要保持镇静，等待几秒钟后再重复。您必须避免使用以他的名字命名的机枪。一旦他明白了对你的期待，他就会获得奖励，然后再与他进行几次练习。随着他的进步，您可以逐渐增加远处的注意力，使用那些’t too enticing for him and as he progresses with the 名字游戏, you can ‘up’ the distraction. This is applied in the same way with all the exercises I am going to talk about 这里. In the early weeks of 训练 don’t be shy with “loading the name” as many trainers call it, which means 上 ce he really gets it, and holding your eye, you can pump him up with a few extra treats and even add some verbal praise. Once he becomes bulletproof consistent with the 名字游戏, start to break up treating him by make treating him inconsistent and then less and less frequent. Be sure to always reward him with a ‘yes’，在早期阶段以及您逐渐减少食物奖励时。您总是可以高兴地肯定他的正确/适当的回答‘yes’如您所见。这种方法的关键 训练 works为幼犬提供了一个自主决定的机会，并使幼犬容易决定遵循领导的方式。的‘Name Game’除了教小狗说出他的名字时要看的东西外，还有几层。最终他的名字可以充当预备役‘command’ of sorts by 让ting him know something else is likely to follow. But for now, we just need to see how this progresses. Ultimately, pup might figure the game out quickly and decide to become pushy about his treat, this too is a great 坐uation and learning opportunity for pup. Always say ‘yes’ when he looks at you, but 上 ly treat pup when he is calm and looking at you (standing or 坐ting, whichever is what you want to reinforce). If he is being pushy just be calm, say and do nothing, simply wait him out. Give him a ‘yes’一旦他冷静下来并请客。最终，您将需要延长幼犬在被治疗之前看您的时间。确实没有必要为此花特别的训练时间，只需要片刻的思考和准备就可以了。随着幼崽进行此练习，尝试新的位置，并逐渐引入一些干扰。我们希望加强和推广这种联系。

​Getting more 从 the 名字游戏…
Bonus round 上 e! While playing the 名字游戏, you may find that your pup chooses to move closer to you and offer to 坐 for you. Bookmark this, for after he has gotten a solid grip 上 the 名字游戏. Then 上 e day, just as pup offers his ‘sit’, give him the verbal cue (aka for you Old Schoolers out there, the 命令, 坐), 上 ce he has sat, say ‘yes’和治疗。您现在开始建立新的关联。如果您碰巧没有请客，那么您将永远拥有‘yes’ handy. Remember, with 名字游戏 play, you have built an association with ‘yes’而且他认识并联系‘yes’赞美和奖励这就是我喜欢的‘knocking ‘em 下’. 所有 these skills are all dovetailed together and building 上 上 e another making each skill easier to teach the next. Please resist your temptation to tussle pups ears and rub him up excitedly. This 上 ly adds energy to the 坐uation, and most likely to get pup bouncing around, or even more depending 上 how reactive your dog is. Remember we are teaching him how to be good citizen 这里 –保持冷静，放心和愉快。你的狗会倾向于反映出你所散发出来的能量。

​从前门出来的小狗
就像有一个蹒跚学步的小狗一样，您需要在准备好之前就做好准备…这给了您优势。它使您有时间去做必要的事情；为了保持一致，将幼犬设置为获胜，然后您成为胜利者。所有这些都不需要屈伸肌肉！所以，你想带一只小狗‘领袖走’或将他上车 …到门口抓住皮带。奇怪的是，小狗会像傻瓜一样反弹。如果你很着急，你’d be grabbing at him, telling him to 坐 fifteen or twenty times, and maybe even get a little bit frustrated. If so, all you have taught your dog in that moment is to act like a fool and that preparing to go is a game where not listening is 好的. The Leader Way would be to approach the door and grab the leash. Turn to the pup and wait. Don’一句话，不要鼓励。你可以冷静地说‘when you’re ready’ or my favorite, ‘好狗怎么办？’ – honestly it doesn’不管你说什么，什么’s more important is your tone of voice. Odds are he will react by calming 下 and possibly 坐ting. Be prepared. If he hasn’t built an association with going out the door, you could just say his name and see what 发生s, if you are well into the 名字游戏 and starting his 坐 work. Either way, 上 ce pup is nearby and offering a 坐, say ‘sit’. Follow-up with ‘yes’ and then gently attach his leash. If your movement is too much for the 坐uation, just start 从 the top and take your time. It will not be long; he will 坐 calmly and allow you to leash him and without fanfare head out. Now he has learned how to go through the door and that you are in charge.

​塑造思想&引诱。一只手洗另一只手.
He will also begin to associate his actions with rewards and verbal cues and later 上 verbal cues with actions. Yup, the dog is 训练 himself, and you are 上 ly facilitating the experience. A big part of your job as handler is to simplify 坐uations by removing distractions and thereby improving the likelihood of pup making the correct association you are intending to make. Offering toys while pup is excited, talking excitedly or yelling, and moving your arms to push pup away when pup is jumping up, 上 ly serve to muddle your message and add energy to the 坐uation –使获得预期结果更加困难。此外，随机脱色或快速重复发射‘commands’ (E.g. 坐, 坐, 坐, 坐, 坐  - you’曾经看过，并且可能对此感到内））并告诉小狗‘no’几乎任何东西都一样徒劳（而且没用）。‘No’ isn’t a 命令: 坐, 这里, 下, stand, 别管它, 地点, kennel all are 命令s, but 上 ly after the association has been made. Remember, the key 这里 is to catch pup doing what you want and offering an affirmation to build the association you desire.

​声明空间，没有您想象的那么先进:
如果您一直在关注荷兰狗博客，那么您就会知道我们是希金斯方法的忠实拥护者。希金斯结合狗学习方法的一部分是“声称空间”，这对狗如何选择管理能量的方式会产生相当令人惊讶和深刻的影响。声称与太空有关，可以教狗冲动控制。您将在与小狗一起进行的领导者步行（详见下文）期间进行此操作，但是您也可以在家里索取空间，这样做确实可以简化一些事情。吃饭时幼犬的表现如何？他像是一个被扔进一个空游泳池，弹跳，旋转并扮演傻瓜的橡皮球吗？即使您在这个领域很幸运，“认领太空”也是另一项练习，可帮助幼犬建立控制力和专注力。对于纯正疯狂酱汁的幼崽，您不会在进餐时开始这样做。您需要建立成功，而不是失败。放置幼犬’可以将椅子放在手臂上的地方的狗窝’s直达前方。将幼犬放进狗窝，然后关上门。保持坐在狗窝前，将门锁好，然后等待小狗变得平静。这看起来可能有很多不同的方式，但是理想情况下，他会躺下甚至睡觉。达到平静后，打开门，但是不要’不要让幼仔掉出来。确保肩膀与狗窝的开口成一直线，将头保持在中间位置（首先），并在需要时用一只手尽可能轻轻地向小狗推以将其保持在狗窝中。无需多说。他可能会坚持不懈，您可能需要坚定。您将需要坚毅，也可能需要降低下巴，给自己多一点严肃的姿势。在大多数情况下，经过几次尝试，小狗会简单地躺下并接受门敞开的情况下进入狗窝。这是当您附近有人时可以与家人朋友开始对话的时候–总是对小狗很专心。他可能会尝试偷偷溜走，而您将需要阻止此事，但您更有可能会发现他会继续留在原地。如果是这样，那就完美！让他休息片刻，然后让小狗知道他可能会离开狗窝。从现在开始，当您打开门时，门的开口不再是用螺栓固定的提示。他的提示是您的释放词。考虑使用‘okay’ or ‘let’s go’, some like ‘free dog’。开始时，您需要在提供提示之前改变门打开的时间。我们打破的关联是开门=螺栓。我们建立并希望维持的联系是您的暗示=您可以礼貌地离开家。

​将所有这些应用于用餐时间以创建更多的冲动控制.
You have now Claimed Space in your home. Pup knows that 当你 are in front of him, that space is yours. Let’帮助他进一步了解这一点。一世 ’m guessing you have a carpet in the area where you feed your dog, if not you will want 上 e as it will make this easier for pup to understand. Using all of the things we have talked about so far: the 名字游戏, the polite offer to 坐 or stand, and space claiming, pup knows to be 上 that carpet and knows that he must be there 上 ce his food bowl is in play. This will need to be 不要e in small steps, but can be accomplished rather quickly if you have worked up to it… At first the bowl is 地点d near to the pup 上 ce he is calm and ready. Plan 上 using a similar stance you used with the crate and need to gently claim the space in front of pup where you intend to 地点 his food bowl. Initially the waiting period should 上 ly be a second or two, give him a release pat 上 the flank (later you may build in a verbal cue) and 让 him enjoy his meal.  随着练习的进行，您可以增加时间和/或距离来帮助建立幼崽’等待发布的焦点和联想。

​教学效果‘leave it’
我们提到教学‘Leave It’ near to the beginning of this article. So now 让’花费了一些时间在概念上。‘Leave It’可以被动地进行授课，这是到目前为止我们所做的简单变化。首先将较低价值的零食放在手中，例如一些粗磨，然后随着成功的建立，朝着使用您的‘high value’ treats!  Begin by having your pup 坐 or lay 下. Whichever you choose, the dog should remain in posture for the duration of the exercise. Have a modest handful of treats in your off hand. Start by holding your baited hand open and above the dog’s line of sight as well as being a few feet away. You 坐 calmly and if pup stretches towards the treats, simply close your hand. Once pup has relaxed, re-open your hand to start the exercise over. If instead of investigating your baited hand and he looks at you, say ‘yes’然后从诱饵中拿出点心并奖励他。随着游戏的进行，诱饵的手逐渐向幼犬靠拢和降低。请注意，一旦零食达到或低于视线范围，此游戏将使幼崽难以保持姿势，因此请注意不要过快进行。您不希望幼犬能够袭击被诱饵的手和自我奖励。只要幼犬对诱饵的手产生兴趣，就应该总是迅速而安静地合上手。有些狗会很快学到这一点，另一些狗可能需要几次训练。一旦幼犬具备如此出色的表现，您就可以提高奖励的价值，然后当幼犬出手时，只需添加提示即可‘leave it’当您需要合上手时。一旦幼犬向您寻求指导和/或称赞，就奖励您。如果您的狗真的很难保持原位以使这种锻炼成为可能，则您可能需要招募助手来牵引他的皮带。同样，其目的是为幼犬争取胜利。

​教小狗定居:
有些狗天生就很冷，但大多数狗需要一些帮助来学习如何，更重要的是何时打‘off switch’。反应过度或过于兴奋’t much fun for anyone, to include pup. This really comes 下 to teaching pup a ‘place 命令’。这可以是他的狗窝，一张床（在一个或多个位置）或您的沙发–这只对您很重要。小狗会放松很多’地点。找出您想要幼犬去的地方。一般来说，您会使用‘high value’ treat and 上 ce he offers the behavior you desire (lay 下), calmly reward and give the ‘command’您已经决定要做什么‘bed’ or ‘place’ 上 ce pup has made it to the targeted 地点, reinforce with ‘yes’ immediately and treat as soon as you can. Like most things this can progress quickly. To increase the challenge, slowly wean him 从 being lured into 地点 and then create more and more distance 从 his ‘place’ 当你 give the 命令.

​恭喜你！
开始教这些东西永远不会太晚，但是正如您所期望的那样，越早越好（更容易）。这里有一些额外的资源，可以帮助分心的狗教冲动控制。我希望你 find them helpful. A dog with a greater ability to concentrate, and 留 上 task will make everything you currently do easier and make all those plans you have for the future not just possible but easier as well.
//www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZkZuopl-t9k 
//www.youtube.com/watch?v=Pg7CX0e4l-I
http://www.fem2me.com/dutch-dog-blog/help-your-dog-teach-itself  
 
Brad 希金斯领袖步行方法： http://www.fem2me.com/dutch-dog-blog/teach-your-dog-to-walk-nicely

当数量有限且该数量已售罄时。几乎总是会有奸商……对于那些不想等待第二版出版的人，最有可能在2021年中期，您可以随时从Blurb订购副本 这里和it'll save you a good $899.90 or so depending 上 the shipping option you select. Even more If I 发生 to have any 上 hand 从 a bulk Blurb order (as of this writing I have 2 copies 上 hand).

两只Gun's Sky Island Manzanita Rush（又名Ila）是现今著名的《 Gun Dog Magazine》小狗杂志的22只小狗之一，也是那本只有半页的少数小狗之一！真有趣！珍娜·奥康纳（Jenna O'Connor）摄影： 米勒牧场 a great 地点 to spend some time.

​25％的“较轻”狗将与理想狗非常相似，但是对肋骨和臀部的感觉会稍微容易一些，但不会看到任何突出的骨头突起，也不会感觉到那种东西。不应出现肌肉丢失的现象。

**有关狗髋关节发育不良的更多详细信息，请访问 这里 看看犬生物学研究所怎么说。